
Beethoven was deaf when he wrote the Piano Sonata No. 30 in E Major, Op. 109—a piece that reaches into the future while drawing on old musical forms. Here, it is performed by Richard Goode during a piano recital at the Verbier Festival on July 29, 2017.
(00:00) Coming on stage
(00:14) I. Vivace ma non troppo. Adagio espressivo
(03:54) II. Prestissimo
(06:09) III. Andante molto cantabile ed espressivo
Written in 1820, the Piano Sonata No. 30 in E major Opus 109 is one of Beethoven's last piano sonatas. He had already been deaf for a long time, so he wrote this sonata from his memory of how notes sound, because he could no longer hear the music himself.
Ludwig van Beethoven composed a total of 32 piano sonatas between 1795 and 1822. During the later years of his life, he broke away from the classical structure of the sonata—which included individual movements and the treatment of certain musical themes and harmonies. What makes this sonata special is the "variation movement" with which it ends. Beethoven's pupil, composer Carl Czerny, described this change as a "peculiar set of variations in the style of Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.”
According to his own statements, Ludwig van Beethoven enjoyed spending time with Baroque music—especially compositions by Bach, like "The Well-Tempered Clavier.” He said that Bach's teachings also inspired some of his own compositions. Kit Armstrong says he was intrigued by this aspect during his concert in Bonn. He played Beethoven’s sonatas alternating between pieces from Bach's “Well-Tempered Clavier” to demonstrate how Bach might have influenced Beethoven.
The unrestricted compositional form of Beethoven's late piano sonatas is evident in the use of older musical forms, like fugues or variations of pieces from the Baroque period. Beethoven was also ahead of his time when it came to dissonant harmonies, virtuoso arpeggios, and performance techniques. The last group of variations in Piano Sonata No. 30, for example, utilizes additional dynamics like "molto cantabile ed espressivo" (full of feeling with the most heartfelt emotion). These kinds of additions refer to tempo and emotions, and were commonly used by later Romantic composers.
In Ludwig van Beethoven's case, however, the "with heartfelt emotion" addition might also have a more personal meaning. Beethoven dedicated this sonata to Maximiliane Brentano, the daughter of his long-time friend, Antonie Brentano, and wife to philosopher Franz Brentano. Antonie Brentano might have been the "Immortal Beloved" referenced in Beethoven’s romantic letters from 1812. But people remain uncertain to this day, and continue to speculate who this immortal lover could really have been.
American pianist Richard Goode is internationally recognized as a leading interpreter of classical and romantic music. He regularly appears in the major concert halls and festivals of the classical music world and performs as a soloist with the most important orchestras in the USA and numerous renowned orchestras in Europe. Richard Goode is from New York and studied at Mannes College of Music in New York and the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. His numerous awards include first prize at the Clara Haskil Competition, the Avery Fisher Prize and a Grammy Award.
© 2017 Idéale Audience
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